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Roč

Coordinates: 45°24′N 14°03′E / 45.400°N 14.050°E / 45.400; 14.050
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Roč
Rozzo
Village
St Bartholomew's church and St Anthony Abbot's church
St Bartholomew's church and St Anthony Abbot's church
Roč is located in Croatia
Roč
Roč
Coordinates: 45°24′N 14°3′E / 45.400°N 14.050°E / 45.400; 14.050
Country Croatia
County Istria
Municipality Buzet
Area
 • Total1.4 sq mi (3.6 km2)
Elevation1,142 ft (348 m)
Population
 (2021)[3]
 • Total187
 • Density130/sq mi (52/km2)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
52 425
Area code052

Roč (Italian: Rozzo, German: Rotz) is a village in Istria County, north-west Croatia. Administratively it belongs to the town of Buzet. Roč is considered a historic town rather than a village due to its rich cultural heritage.

Geography

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View from town wall

It is situated in the northwest of the Istrian peninsula, southwest of the Ćićarija plateau. The village is located about 50 km (31 mi) south-east of Trieste on the road via Koper and the Učka Tunnel (B8) to Rijeka. Roč station is also a stop on the Istrian Railway (Istarske pruge) line from Divača via Podgorje to Pula.

History

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The name Roč or Rozzo derive from the Celtic Roz.[citation needed] The related name Roc is very common in wide areas under Celts influence. The present-day settlement was first mentioned as Rus in a document of 1064.[citation needed] The area was settled in protohistoric times. Romans called it Castrum Rotium or Rocium. The town was founded in prehistory, as an Illyrian settlement. After the Roman Empire incorporation of Istria, it became a Roman castrum,[4] becoming an important settlement for the Romans since the second century BC.[5] Numerous findings from the Roman period were discovered in the area or Roč (Rozzo) and Buzet (Pinguente).[6][7]

While the former March of Istria was gradually incorporated into the Venetian Stato da Màr, Roč from the 12th century onwards developed to a fortified town and a centre of Slavic literature. The local Church of St. Anthony holds the precious Roč Glagolitic Abecedarium from the 13th century. The first Croatian printed book, the 1483 Missale Romanum Glagolitice, was prepared in Roč by one Juri Žakan. By the 1797 Treaty of Campo Formio, Istria fell to the Habsburg monarchy and later became part of the Austrian Littoral. After World War I and the dissolution of Austria-Hungary, Istria including Rozzo was partitioned to Italy in the Treaty of Rapallo (1920). After the end of World War II, Istria including Rozzo was ceded to Yugoslavia. After the breakup of Yugoslavia in 1991, most of Istria (including Roč) became part of present-day Republic of Croatia.

Demographics

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According to the 2021 census, its population was 187.[3] It was 153 in 2011.[8]

Sights

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Town gate

The town of Roč is declared by the authorities as an important cultural monument, as it has a well-preserved medieval town walls with two entrances, a Roman lapidarium, a Venetian bombarda cannon and a functional watchtower. Furthermore, it has the Romanesque church of St Anthony dating from the 11th century, the small St Roch Church with several notable 14th-century frescoes representing St Paul and the Apostles, as well as the St Bartholomew parish church built from the 14th century onward with its prominent 26 m (85 ft) high steeple erected in 1676. Numerous other smaller artifacts are preserved in the ancient buildings.

Seven kilometers from Roč is Hum, with a population of only 22 people often called the smallest town in the world. Along the road from Roč to Hum is Glagolitic Alley (Aleja glagoljaša), a scenic route of ten monuments constructed in 1977-81 representing the history of the Glagolitic alphabet.

References

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  1. ^ Register of spatial units of the State Geodetic Administration of the Republic of Croatia. Wikidata Q119585703.
  2. ^ "Roč". istra.hr. Istria Tourist Board. Retrieved 8 December 2018.
  3. ^ a b "Population by Age and Sex, by Settlements" (xlsx). Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in 2021. Zagreb: Croatian Bureau of Statistics. 2022.
  4. ^ "Roč (Rozzo)". www.istra.hr. Official tourist website of the Istria Tourist Board. Archived from the original on 12 January 2023.
  5. ^ "Roc – Rozzo: "Castrum Rotium"". Istria from Smrikve.
  6. ^ Jurkic-Girardi, Vesna. Monumenti romani sul territorio di Pinguente e Rozzo. pp. 1–38.
  7. ^ "Buzet Istria". www.histrica.com. Histrica.
  8. ^ "Population by Age and Sex, by Settlements, 2011 Census: Roč". Census of Population, Households and Dwellings 2011. Zagreb: Croatian Bureau of Statistics. December 2012. Retrieved 2013-12-31.

45°24′N 14°03′E / 45.400°N 14.050°E / 45.400; 14.050