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212 BC

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Millennium: 1st millennium BC
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
212 BC in various calendars
Gregorian calendar212 BC
CCXII BC
Ab urbe condita542
Ancient Egypt eraXXXIII dynasty, 112
- PharaohPtolemy IV Philopator, 10
Ancient Greek era142nd Olympiad (victor
Assyrian calendar4539
Balinese saka calendarN/A
Bengali calendar−804
Berber calendar739
Buddhist calendar333
Burmese calendar−849
Byzantine calendar5297–5298
Chinese calendar戊子年 (Earth Rat)
2486 or 2279
    — to —
己丑年 (Earth Ox)
2487 or 2280
Coptic calendar−495 – −494
Discordian calendar955
Ethiopian calendar−219 – −218
Hebrew calendar3549–3550
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat−155 – −154
 - Shaka SamvatN/A
 - Kali Yuga2889–2890
Holocene calendar9789
Iranian calendar833 BP – 832 BP
Islamic calendar859 BH – 858 BH
Javanese calendarN/A
Julian calendarN/A
Korean calendar2122
Minguo calendar2123 before ROC
民前2123年
Nanakshahi calendar−1679
Seleucid era100/101 AG
Thai solar calendar331–332
Tibetan calendar阳土鼠年
(male Earth-Rat)
−85 or −466 or −1238
    — to —
阴土牛年
(female Earth-Ox)
−84 or −465 or −1237

Year 212 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Flaccus and Pulcher (or, less frequently, year 542 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 212 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Events

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By place

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Illyria

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Thrace

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Carthage

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  • Syphax, king of the western Numidian tribe, the Masaesyli, concludes an alliance with the Romans and they send military advisers to help Syphax train his soldiers. He then attacks the eastern Numidians (the Massylii) ruled by Gala, who is an ally of the Carthaginians. The Carthaginian general Hasdrubal travels to northern Africa from Spain to stamp out the uprising by the Numidians.

Spain

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Seleucid Empire

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Roman Republic

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  • Publius Licinius Crassus Dives is elected "pontifex maximus" over more distinguished candidates, despite never having held any major offices. He will hold this position until his death.
  • The Roman soldiers billeted in Tarentum so alienate the citizens of the city that conspirators admit the Carthaginian general Hannibal to the city. The conspirators then defeat the Roman contingent in it. Hannibal keeps control of his troops so that looting is limited to Roman houses. The citadel in Tarentum remains under Roman control, which denies Hannibal the use of the harbour.
  • The Roman consuls, Appius Claudius Pulcher and Quintus Fulvius Flaccus, besiege Capua with eight legions. Hanno moves to Beneventum to try to help the inhabitants of Capua, but he is defeated by the Romans.
  • The Capuans then send an appeal for help to Hannibal. In response, Hannibal sends 2,000 Numidian cavalry as reinforcements to Capua. The combined Carthaginian forces defeat the Roman force led by Flaccus and Pulcher, the latter of whom will soon die of wounds he has sustained.
  • The Battle of the Silarus is fought between Hannibal's army and a Roman force led by praetor Marcus Centenius Penula. The Carthaginians are victorious, effectively destroying Centenius Penula's army.
  • The Battle of Herdonia is fought between Hannibal's Carthaginian army and Roman forces who are laying siege to Herdonia led by praetor Gnaeus Fulvius Flaccus, brother of the consul, Quintus Fulvius Flaccus. The Roman army is destroyed, leaving Apulia free of Romans for the year.
  • After a two year siege, Roman general, Marcus Claudius Marcellus, gradually forces his way into Syracuse and takes it in the face of strong Carthaginian reinforcements and despite the use of engines of war designed by the Greek mathematician and scientist Archimedes (such as the Claw of Archimedes).
  • Although Marcellus wishes to spare the lives of the Syracusans, he is unable to prevent the sack of the city by his soldiers, which includes the killing of Archimedes. Marcellus carries off the art treasures of Syracuse to Rome, the first recorded instance of a practice which is to become common.


China

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Deaths

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  • Archimedes of Syracuse, Greek mathematician and scientist, who has calculated formulae for the areas and volumes of spheres, cylinders, parabolas and other plane and solid figures. He has also founded the science of hydrostatics, including the principle of the upthrust on a floating body which has led to his cry, "Eureka". Thirdly, he has invented siege-engines for use against the Romans and the Archimedean screw to raise water (b. c. 287 BC)
  • Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, Roman consul from 215 to 213 BC
  • Xerxes of Armenia (assassinated by his wife Antiochia)

References

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  1. ^ Eckstein, Arthur M. (2008). Rome Enters the Greek East From Anarchy to Hierarchy in the Hellenistic Mediterranean, 230–170 BC. Blackwell Publishing. p. 87. ISBN 978-1-4051-6072-8.