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September 1972

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September 5–6, 1972: 11 members of Israeli Olympic team killed by terrorists at Munich

The following events occurred in September 1972:

September 1, 1972 (Friday)

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Bobby Fischer and Boris Spassky

September 2, 1972 (Saturday)

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Pappas

September 3, 1972 (Sunday)

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  • The elections for the Khmer Republic's 126-member National Assembly took place. Because of a presidential decree designed to give President Lon Nol's Social Republican Party an advantage, the other parties withdrew from participating. The Socio-Republicans won all 126 seats on what was claimed to be a 78% turnout.[12]
  • Born: Patty Cake, popular resident of New York City's Central Park Zoo as the gorilla born in captivity in the city; in Manhattan, New York City (d. 2013) [13]

September 4, 1972 (Monday)

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Barker
  • Bob Barker began a 35-year run as host of one of America's most popular game shows, as The New Price Is Right was shown for the first time on CBS.[2] Barker would host the show (later simply The Price Is Right) until June 15, 2007.
  • Armed robbers stole 18 paintings, including a Rembrandt, along with 38 pieces of jewelry and figurines from the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, in the largest theft of private property in Canadian history. Except for one painting returned during abortive efforts to negotiate a ransom, none of the pieces of art work have ever been recovered, nor has anyone been charged.

September 5, 1972 (Tuesday)

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September 6, 1972 (Wednesday)

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September 7, 1972 (Thursday)

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  • Prime Minister Indira Gandhi gave scientists at the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre the go-ahead to manufacture India's first nuclear bomb. India became the world's fifth nuclear power with the successful explosion of the bomb on May 18, 1974.[19]
  • The Soviet Union's Council of Ministers issued a directive to amend Section 74 of the Soviet Regulations on Communications, providing that "The use of telephonic communications ... for aims contrary to the interest of the State and to public order is forbidden." Under the regulation, telephone service was disconnected for dissidents without formally charging them with a crime.[20]

September 8, 1972 (Friday)

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September 9, 1972 (Saturday)

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  • A link between Kentucky's Mammoth Cave and the adjacent Flint Ridge Cave System was discovered by explorers from the Cave Research Foundation, creating the longest cave passageway in the world, 144.4 miles (232.4 km) from one end to the other.[22]
  • At the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, the American men's basketball team, which had 64 victories and no defeats since the sport was added in 1936, lost to the Soviet Union, 51–50, on a shot at the buzzer by Alexander Belov. The U.S. team had been ahead, 50–49, when time first ran out, but Olympic officials added three seconds to the clock.[23] The Soviets won the gold medal, and the Americans voted unanimously to refuse the silver medal.
  • The three American television networks introduced their new cartoon schedules on the same morning. Among the new series being shown for the first time was Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids.
  • Charles B. DeBellevue became the last American flying ace, registering a fifth and sixth shootdown, the most during the Vietnam War.[24]
  • Born: Natasha Kaplinsky, British news anchor; in Brighton, East Sussex

September 10, 1972 (Sunday)

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September 11, 1972 (Monday)

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September 12, 1972 (Tuesday)

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  • Nearly four years after it was proposed by President Nixon, the federal revenue sharing plan, which would transfer $5.3 billion of U.S. government revenues to state and local governments, was approved by the Senate, 64–20. The measure had passed the House, 275–122, on June 22.[29]
  • The attack on two British fishing trawlers, by the Icelandic gunboat ICGV Aegir, triggered the second Cod War between the UK and Iceland.[30][31]
  • The television show Maude premiered on CBS-TV at 8:00 pm, opposite the premiere on ABC of Temperatures Rising.
  • Born: Budi Putra, Indonesian journalist; in Payakumbuh, West Sumatra

September 13, 1972 (Wednesday)

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  • Fifty-four North Korean members of its Red Cross delegation crossed the border at Panmunjom at 10:00 a.m. and were welcomed by their South Korean counterparts, in the first visit by North Korean officials since the end of the Korean War.[32]
  • More than 30 people, mostly schoolchildren, drowned when a ferry across the Kerian River (in Malaysia's Perak state) capsized. Some children were able to swim to safety, but most drowned in 40-foot-deep (12 m) waters.[33]
  • Air Mauritius, the national airline of Mauritania, made its first flight, five years after the company's founding, with a six-seat Piper PA-31 Navajo airplane that flew every Wednesday from Port Louis to Rodrigues and back again. Twenty-five years later, the Air Mauritius fleet would have four Airbus A340-300s, three Boeing 767s, two Boeing 747s, two ATR 42 turboprop carriers, and two Bell 206 helicopters.[34]
  • Born: Kelly Chen (Vivian Chen Wai Man), Hong Kong singer; in Hong Kong
  • Died: Zoel Parenteau, American composer; in Englewood, New Jersey[35]

September 14, 1972 (Thursday)

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  • Pope Paul VI issued a motu proprio, rejecting calls to allow women to have any formal ministerial role in the Roman Catholic Church. "In accordance with the venerable tradition of the Church," the Pope proclaimed, "installation in the ministries of lector and acolyte is reserved to men."[36]
  • More than 33 years after the outbreak of World War II, West Germany and Poland restored diplomatic relations. East Germany had been an ally of Poland since that nation's establishment in 1949.
  • The People's Republic of China made its first commitment ever to purchasing food from the U.S., as U.S. Secretary of Agriculture Earl Butz announced that China had placed an order to buy 15 million bushels of U.S. wheat. [37]
Grandma Walton and John-Boy

September 15, 1972 (Friday)

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  • A federal grand jury indicted the five Watergate burglars, along with E. Howard Hunt and G. Gordon Liddy.[39] On the same day, White House staff attorney John Dean met with President Nixon for the first time concerning the scandal. In the meeting, which lasted from 5:27 to 6:17, they discussed the covering up of the White House role in the Watergate break-in. Dean would testify about his memory of the discussion at the Watergate hearings on June 25, 1973, unaware that Oval Office conversations were all recorded at Nixon's request. Nixon, Chief of Staff H.R. Haldeman, and Dean, discussed plans to take revenge on the President's enemies. "They are asking for it and they are going to get it," commented Nixon, adding "We haven't used the Bureau and we haven't used the Justice Department, but things are going to change now. They're going to get it right."[40]
  • South Vietnam's army regained control of the city of Quảng Trị, more than three months after the provincial capital had been captured by North Vietnamese forces.[41]
  • SAS Flight 130 was hijacked over Sweden by three members of the Croatian National Resistance terrorist group, after taking off from Gothenburg to Stockholm. The four crew and the other 83 passengers were held hostage as the DC-9 jet was diverted to Malmö. As a condition of release of the hostages, seven Croatian terrorists imprisoned in Sweden were set free and allowed to leave the country.
  • Born: Jimmy Carr, British comedian; in Hounslow, London
  • Died: Geoffrey Fisher, 85, Archbishop of Canterbury from 1945 to 1961

September 16, 1972 (Saturday)

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W. Mark Felt, "Deep Throat"

September 17, 1972 (Sunday)

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  • In the first release of prisoners of war since 1969, North Vietnam released three American POWs. Navy Lieutenants Norris Charles and Markham Gartley and Air Force Major Edward Elias were provided civilian clothes and then allowed to stay in Hanoi with an American welcoming team. Another 539 American POWs remained in captivity, and more than 1,000 Americans listed as missing in action were unaccounted for.[45]
  • 1,000 soldiers of the "Uganda People's Militia" invaded Uganda from Tanzania.[46] The Ugandan Army would repel the invasion after two weeks of fighting.
The original cast of M*A*S*H
  • The popular television series M*A*S*H began an eleven-season run, eight years longer than the Korean War which provided its setting.[2][47]

September 18, 1972 (Monday)

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  • Former Japanese Foreign Minister Zentaro Kosaka publicly apologized, on behalf of Japan, at a banquet in Beijing for Japan's atrocities against China prior to and during World War II.[48]

September 19, 1972 (Tuesday)

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  • A parcel bomb sent to the Israeli Embassy in London killed Ami Schachori, the agricultural attaché, who was scheduled to return home after four years abroad. Another bomb arrived at the Israeli Embassy in Paris later in the day, but was disarmed. Both packages had been sent from Amsterdam.[49] Other packages were delivered the next day in New York and Montreal, and defused.
  • The Oakland A's began a game in which they would use 30 players in a 15-inning game against the Chicago White Sox, setting a Major League Baseball record that still stands.[50] The game also broke a major league record for most players used by both teams (51) in a game. The White Sox, at second place in the American League West division, beat the first place A's, 8 to 7 when the game ended at 12:59 the next morning after 4 hours and 41 minutes of play.[51]
  • Born Ashot Nadanian, Armenian chess player; in Baku, Armenian SSR, Soviet Union
  • Died Robert Casadesus, 73, French pianist

September 20, 1972 (Wednesday)

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  • Britain's ratification of the Treaty of Accession to the Common Market was completed.[52]
  • Floyd Patterson's comeback attempt came to an end with a bout against Muhammad Ali. Patterson, the world heavyweight boxing champion from 1956 to 1959, and 1961 to 1962, had been attempting to regain his crown since 1970. The fight was stopped in the seventh round after Ali opened a cut over Patterson's eye.[53]
  • Died: Richard Oakes, 30, Mohawk American Indian activist who led the Occupation of Alcatraz from 1969 to 1971, was shot and killed during an argument with Michael Morgan, the caretaker of a YMCA camp in Annapolis, California.[54] The homicide took place six days after a confrontation between Oakes and Morgan on use of the property.[55]

September 21, 1972 (Thursday)

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September 22, 1972 (Friday)

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  • Willy Brandt called for a vote of confidence in his government, one he expected to lose, as a pretext for new parliamentary elections.[57]
  • Hexachlorophene, an anti-bacterial compound that had been a popular additive in skin cleansers, cosmetics, deodorants, toothpastes and baby powder, was banned by the Food and Drug Administration except for prescription use. FDA studies had concluded that HCP caused brain damage in infants. The FDA ordered immediate removal of baby powder with more than 0.75% HCP, and directed that cleansers with 3% concentration could be sold only by prescription.[58]

September 23, 1972 (Saturday)

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  • Ferdinand Marcos, the President of the Philippines, appeared on television to announce that he had proclaimed martial law under Proclamation No. 1081.[59][60] The immediate pretext was the attempted assassination of Defense Secretary Juan Ponce Enrile the day prior; however, Marcos stated that the proclamation had been signed on September 21, two days before the announcement. Enrile's driver was killed during the staged attack.[61]
  • A fired killed 31 people at the Oscar restaurant on the Greek island of Rhodes, after a short circuit set fire to bamboo paneling. Most of the dead were Scandinavian tourists.[62]
  • At an annual meeting of the International Monetary Fund, U.S. Treasury Secretary George P. Schultz unveiled a proposal for "SDRs"—Special Drawing Rights—to replace gold reserves as the asset to which the world currencies would be tied.[63]
  • Julius Erving, remembered for playing for the Philadelphia 76ers, the New York Nets and even the Virginia Squires, played his first professional basketball game, appearing as an NBA draftee for the Atlanta Hawks, for whom he played in an exhibition against the ABA's Kentucky Colonels, in a 112–99 win in Frankfort, Kentucky. Erving would play another exhibition for the NBA Hawks before returning to the ABA.[64]
  • "Moo-la the Cow" was unveiled in Stephenville, Texas, honoring the local dairy industry.[65]
  • A 15-year-old boy in Waldport, Oregon, was killed, and two other people injured, after being struck by lightning.[66] Although he was carrying a box containing 135 sticks of dynamite, the box did not explode, contrary to some repetitions of the story.[67]
  • Born: Karl Pilkington, British TV and radio personality; in Manchester

September 24, 1972 (Sunday)

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September 25, 1972 (Monday)

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September 26, 1972 (Tuesday)

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  • North Vietnamese negotiator Le Duc Tho dropped demands that South Vietnam's President Nguyen Van Thieu be removed from office as a condition for ending the Vietnam War, a breakthrough in peace negotiations.[74]
  • Rebel forces crossed from North Yemen to attack South Yemen.[75]
  • Following a 342–34 approval by the House of Representatives, President Nixon signed into law the bill creating the WIC Program (Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children).[2][76]
  • U.S. Patent No. 3,693,535 was granted for the first automatic drip coffee brewing machine for homes, marketed under the name "Mr. Coffee".[77] The machine went on sale as early as October 8[78] with the suggested retail price of USD $49.95, roughly $292 in 2017 dollars.
  • The first exhibition game for the new World Hockey Association took place in Quebec City, between two of the four teams that would eventually be admitted to the National Hockey League. The New England Whalers beat the Quebec Nordiques, 4–1.[79]
  • Time Inc. introduced its new monthly personal finance magazine, Money, on newsstands, with the first issue being dated for October 1972.[80]
  • Born: Beto O’Rourke (Robert Francis O'Rourke), United States Congressman for the 16th district in Texas (2013-2018) and presidential candidate; in El Paso

September 27, 1972 (Wednesday)

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  • Canada banned the sale and use of firecrackers.[81]
  • In Fort Lauderdale, Susan Place, 17, and Georgia Jessup, 16, went with their friend, "Jerry Shepard", on a trip "to the beach to play the guitar". Their remains would be found seven months later as they became the first known victims of serial killer Gerard Schaefer. Schaefer had been dismissed from the office of the Martin County, Florida Sheriff's Department earlier in the year, and was awaiting trial after a failed kidnapping, on July 22, of two other teenage girls.[82]
  • Born: Gwyneth Paltrow, American actress, 1998 Oscar winner for Best Actress (Shakespeare in Love); in Los Angeles
  • Died:

September 28, 1972 (Thursday)

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  • With Paul Henderson scoring the winning goal past goalie Vladislav Tretiak, the Canadian national men's hockey team defeated the Soviet national ice hockey team in Game 8 of the 1972 Summit Series (La Série du Siècle), 6–5, to win the series 4–3–1.[84]
  • After 66 years, the United States Secretary of the Army cleared the records of the black soldiers involved in the Brownsville Affair. The 167 members of the 25th United States Regiment had been dishonorably discharged after being accused of complicity in the shooting of two white men in Brownsville, Texas.[85] Following the publication of John D. Weaver's book The Brownsville Raid, in 1970, the U.S. Army reopened the investigation of the incident and concluded that the men had been innocent.[86]

September 29, 1972 (Friday)

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  • Vasil Mzhavanadze, the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Georgian SSR, and Soviet Georgia's de facto leader, was removed from his job by the Soviet Communist Party's Central Committee. Mzhavadnadze retained his post as a full member of the Politburo, but was replaced as the Georgian leader by Eduard Shevardnadze.[87]
  • Under a Joint Communiqué of the Government of Japan and the Government of the People's Republic of China, Japan, normalized diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China after breaking official ties with the Republic of China (Taiwan). On August 12, 1978, the two nations would formally end their state of war with a peace treaty.
  • In a story headlined "Mitchell Controlled Secret GOP Fund", Washington Post investigative reporters Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward broke the story that "while serving as U.S. Attorney General, Mitchell personally controlled a secret Republican fund that was used to gather information about the Democrats, according to sources involved in the Watergate investigation."[88]
  • The eight member nations of the European Space Research Organization (ESRO) officially adopted the METEOSAT programme, providing for European launched meteorological satellites.[89]

September 30, 1972 (Saturday)

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References

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  1. ^ "Bobby Fischer Wins World Chess Crown". Oakland Tribune. September 1, 1972. p. 1.
  2. ^ a b c d e Uri, John (8 September 2022). Mars, Kelli (ed.). "50 Years Ago: Three Months Until Apollo 17". NASA History. NASA. Retrieved 22 June 2023.
  3. ^ Davis, William C. (1995). Warnings From the Far South: Democracy versus Dictatorship in Uruguay, Argentina, and Chile. Praeger. p. 46.
  4. ^ Austin, Erik W.; Clubb, Jerome M. (1986). Political Facts of the United States Since 1789. Columbia University Press. p. 79.
  5. ^ "Club Fire Toll Now 36". Oakland Tribune. September 4, 1972. p. 1.
  6. ^ Bruce Weber, As They See 'em: A Fan's Travels in the Land of Umpires (Simon & Schuster, 2009), p31
  7. ^ "Close, But No Cigar For Pappas", San Antonio Express/News, September 3, 1972, p.C-3
  8. ^ "Soviet Amateurs Crush Canadian NHL Stars, 7 - 3", Los Angeles Times, September 3, 1972, p.C-1
  9. ^ A dark day: Sept. 2, 1972; when pride turned to trauma", by Ted Blackman, Montreal Gazette, September 4, 1972, p.13
  10. ^ Amos J. Peaslee and Dorothy Peaslee, International Governmental Organizations: Constitutional Documents (Nijhoff, 1974), p302
  11. ^ "Reggie Harding Dies After Detroit Shooting", Indianapolis Star, September 3, 1972, p.4-6
  12. ^ Sorpong Peou, Intervention & Change in Cambodia: Towards Democracy? (St. Martin's Press, 2000), p53
  13. ^ "A Child Star With a Knack for Publicity", The New York Times, April 1, 2013
  14. ^ "4 x 100 metres Medley Relay, Men". Olympedia. OlyMADMen. Retrieved 22 June 2023.
  15. ^ "Terror Grips the Olympic Games", Oakland Tribune, September 5, 1972, p1
  16. ^ "Olympic Resume Under Pall Caused By 17 Deaths". Oakland Tribune. September 6, 1972. p. 1.
  17. ^ "8 Americans Slain at Plush Golf Club in Virgin Islands". Los Angeles Times. September 7, 1972. p. I-1.
  18. ^ "5 Given Life Terms for Virgin Islands Slayings". Los Angeles Times. August 14, 1973. p. I-5.
  19. ^ George Perkovich, India's Nuclear Bomb: The Impact on Global Proliferation (University of California Press, 1999), pp171–172
  20. ^ "The Case of Ida Nudel", by Jerome E. Singer and Isaac Elkind, in Israel Yearbook on Human Rights 1979 (Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1979), p307
  21. ^ "Syria, Lebanon Hit By Israeli Bombers", Oakland Tribune, September 8, 1972, p1
  22. ^ Borden, James D.; Brucker, Roger W. (2000). Beyond Mammoth Cave: A Tale of Obsession in the World's Longest Cave. Southern Illinois University Press. p. 4.
  23. ^ "Foul claimed after U.S. hoop loss". Syracuse Herald-American. September 10, 1972. p. 71.
  24. ^ Futrell, R. Frank. United States Air Force in Southeast Asia 1965–1973: Aces and Aerial Victories. Air University, Headquarters USAF. pp. 93–105.
  25. ^ "Shorter Gives U.S. Marathon Gold", Star-News (Pasadena, CA), September 11, 1972, p24
  26. ^ "U.S. Veto Kills Slap At Israel", Oakland Tribune, September 11, 1972, p1
  27. ^ "BART Trains Roll; 'Off to a Good Start'". Oakland Tribune. September 11, 1972. p. 1.
  28. ^ The Senate Watergate Report. 1974. p. 214.
  29. ^ A. James Reichley, Conservatives in an Age of Change: The Nixon and Ford Administrations (Brookings Institution, 1981), p163
  30. ^ "First cod war incident", Windsor (ON) Star, September 6, 1972, p52
  31. ^ Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
  32. ^ Don Oberdorfer, The Two Koreas: A Contemporary History (Basic Books, 2001), p27
  33. ^ "Ferry Capsizes, Children Perish", Salt Lake Tribune, September 14, 1972, pA-13
  34. ^ "Mauritius", in Encyclopedia of African Airlines, by Ben R. Guttery (McFarland, 1998) pp124-125
  35. ^ "Zoel Parenteau, Stage Composer". The New York Times. September 15, 1972. p. 40.
  36. ^ "Pope Bars Women in Ministry", Oakland Tribune, September 14, 1972, p1
  37. ^ "History of U.S.-China Ties: Steps in Long Journey", Los Angeles Times, August 23, 1977, p.I-18
  38. ^ James E. Person, Jr., Earl Hamner: From Walton's Mountain to Tomorrow: A Biography (Cumberland House Publishing, 2005), p.75
  39. ^ Louis Liebovich, Richard Nixon, Watergate, and the Press: A Historical Retrospective (Praeger, 2003), p66
  40. ^ Michael A. Genovese, The Watergate Crisis (Greenwood Press, 1999), p24; transcript
  41. ^ "South Viets Recapture Quang Tri", Oakland Tribune, September 15, 1972, p1
  42. ^ "More than 100 die in bridge collapse". Tucson Daily Citizen. September 18, 1972. p. 2.
  43. ^ Garment, Leonard (2001). In Search of Deep Throat: The Greatest Political Mystery of Our Time. Basic Books. p. 122.
  44. ^ Olson, James S. (1999). Historical Dictionary of the 1970s. Greenwood Press. p. 55.
  45. ^ "3 Released POWs Await Trip Home". Oakland Tribune. September 18, 1972. p. 1.
  46. ^ "Invasion by Tanzania Claimed by Uganda". Salt Lake Tribune. September 18, 1972. p. 1.
  47. ^ Diffrient, David Scott (2008). M*A*S*H. Wayne State University Press. p. 43.
  48. ^ Caroline Rose, Sino-Japanese Relations: Facing the Past, Looking to the Future? (Routledge, 2005), p49
  49. ^ "Bombs Sent To Israelis' Envoy Killed", Oakland Tribune, September 19, 1972, p1
  50. ^ "A's Use 30 Players but Sox Win in 15th", Decatur (IL) Herald, September 21, 1972, p23
  51. ^ Boxscore of game, baseball-reference.com
  52. ^ J.A.S. Grenville and Bernard Wasserstein, The Major International Treaties of the Twentieth Century: A History and Guide With Texts, Volume 2 (Taylor & Francis, 2001)
  53. ^ Peter Heller, "In this corner ...!": Forty-two World Champions Tell Their Stories (Da Capo Press, 1994), p338
  54. ^ "Richard Oakes Slain In Coast Shooting", Santa Rosa (CA) Press Democrat, September 21, 1972, p1
  55. ^ "Indian Leader Oakes, YMCA Man in Dispute", Santa Rosa (CA) Press Democrat, September 15, 1972, p6
  56. ^ A.B.K. Kasozi, The Social Origins of Violence in Uganda, 1964–1985 (McGill-Queen's University Press, 1994), p114
  57. ^ Kommers, Donald P. (1997). The Constitutional Jurisprudence of the Federal Republic of Germany. Duke University Press. p. 118.
  58. ^ "FDA Bans Danger Drug HCP". Oakland Tribune. September 22, 1972. p. 1.
  59. ^ Francisco, Katerina (September 22, 2016). "Martial Law, the dark chapter in Philippine history". Rappler. Archived from the original on September 23, 2016. Retrieved November 28, 2023.
  60. ^ "The Fall of the Dictatorship". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. Archived from the original on September 3, 2017. Retrieved November 28, 2023.
  61. ^ "True or false: Was 1972 Enrile ambush faked?". 8 October 2012.
  62. ^ "Fire Rips Restaurant; 31 Killed". Nevada State Journal. Reno, Nevada. September 25, 1972. p. 1.
  63. ^ "U.S. Asks 'Paper Gold' for World". Oakland Tribune. September 26, 1972. p. 1.
  64. ^ Mallozzi, Vincent M. (2009). Doc: The Rise and Rise of Julius Erving. Wiley. pp. 80–81.
  65. ^ Pohlen, Jerome (2006). Oddball Texas: A Guide to Some Really Strange Places. Chicago Review Press. p. 56.
  66. ^ "Youth is Hit By Lightning". The Spokesman Review. Spokane, Washington. September 25, 1972. p. 1.
  67. ^ For example, The Gardner's Almanac (High Tide Press, 1997), which says that a man "was blown to smithereens".
  68. ^ "22 Die as Jet Crashes Into Ice Cream Parlor". Star-News. Pasadena, CA. September 25, 1972. p. 1.
  69. ^ "Crash at Farrell's". Retrieved 2008-03-16.
  70. ^ "Japan, China OK Peace Pact". Oakland Tribune. September 28, 1972. p. 1.
  71. ^ "Norway Rejects Common Market in Stunning Government Defeat", by Don Cook, Los Angeles Times, September 26, 1972, p.I-5
  72. ^ Alyson J.K. Bailes, et al., eds., The Nordic Countries and the European Security and Defence Policy (Oxford University Press, 2006), p101
  73. ^ "Norway's Cabinet to Resign", Des Moines (IA) Tribune, September 26, 1972, p.6
  74. ^ Lomperis, Timothy J. (1996). From People's War to People's Rule: Insurgency, Intervention, and the Lessons of Vietnam. University of North Carolina Press. p. 107.
  75. ^ Gause, F. Gregory (1990). Saudi-Yemeni Relations: Domestic Structures and Foreign Influence. Columbia University Press. p. 98.
  76. ^ Livingston, Steven G. (2002). Student's Guide to Landmark Congressional Laws on Social Security and Welfare. Greenwood Press. p. 183.
  77. ^ Koehler, Jeff (December 16, 2016). "When Mr. Coffee Was the Must Have Christmas Gift for Java Snobs". NPR's The Salt: What's on Your Plate.
  78. ^ "Advertisement". Daily Press. Newport News, Virginia. October 8, 1972. p. 5.
  79. ^ "Quebec Wins". Winnipeg Free Press. September 27, 1972. p. 63.
  80. ^ "Time Inc. to Print 'Money'". Bryan Times. Bryan, Texas. September 27, 1972. p. 3.
  81. ^ Mark Kearney and Randy Ray, The Great Canadian Book of Lists: Greatest, Sexiest, Strangest, Best, Worst, Highest, Lowest, Largest (Hounslow Press, 1999), p107
  82. ^ Yvonne Mason, Silent Scream (Lulu.com, 2008), pp42–45
  83. ^ "De la política: Cuarenta y ocho años de lucha" ("From politics: Forty-eight years of struggle"), by Ricardo Rosales Román, La Hora (Guatemala City), September 28, 2005
  84. ^ Michael Nolan, CTV: The Network That Means Business (University of Alberta Press, 2001), p183
  85. ^ Jeffrey B. Perry, Hubert Harrison: The Voice of Harlem Radicalism, 1883–1918 (Columbia University Press, 2009), p101
  86. ^ "A Step Back For Blacks", TIME Magazine, July 3, 2006
  87. ^ Ronald Grigor Suny, The Making of the Georgian Nation, 2d. Ed. (Indiana University Press, 1994), p306
  88. ^ Washington Post website
  89. ^ EUMETSAT Archived 2009-10-09 at the Wayback Machine
  90. ^ mlb.com biography
  91. ^ "Shipworkers Hit By 30-Year-Old Health 'Bomb'". Oakland Tribune. September 30, 1972. p. 1.