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Drake-class cruiser

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

HMS Drake in 1909
Class overview
NameDrake class
Operators Royal Navy
Preceded byCressy class
Succeeded byMonmouth class
Built1899-1903
In commission1902–1920
Completed4
Lost2
Scrapped2
General characteristics
TypeArmoured cruiser
Displacement14,150 long tons (14,380 t) (normal)
Length533 ft 6 in (162.6 m) (o/a)
Beam71 ft 4 in (21.7 m)
Draught26 ft (7.9 m)
Installed power
Propulsion
Speed23 knots (43 km/h; 26 mph)
Complement900
Armament
Armour

The Drake class was a four-ship class of armoured cruisers built around 1900 for the Royal Navy.

Design and description

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Left elevation and deck plan as depicted in Jane's Fighting Ships 1914

The Drake class were enlarged and improved versions of the Cressy class designed by Sir William White, Chief Constructor of the Royal Navy, to counter the new French armoured cruiser Jeanne d'Arc.[1] The ships had an overall length of 553 feet 6 inches (168.7 m), a beam of 71 feet 4 inches (21.7 m) and a deep draught of 26 feet 9 inches (8.2 m). They displaced 14,150 long tons (14,380 t) and proved to be good seaboats in service.[2] Their crew consisted of 900 officers and other ranks.[3]

The ships were powered by two 4-cylinder triple-expansion steam engines, each driving one shaft, using steam provided by 43 Belleville boilers. The engines produced a total of 30,000 indicated horsepower (22,000 kW) and the Drakes easily reached their designed speed of 23 knots (43 km/h; 26 mph).[2] They carried a maximum of 2,500 long tons (2,500 t) of coal.[3]

The main armament of the Drake-class ships consisted of two breech-loading (BL) 9.2-inch (234 mm) Mk X guns in single gun turrets, one each fore and aft of the superstructure.[3] They fired 380-pound (170 kg) shells to a range of 15,500 yards (14,200 m).[4] The ships' secondary armament of sixteen BL 6-inch Mk VII guns was arranged in casemates amidships. Eight of these were mounted on the main deck and were only usable in calm weather.[5] They had a maximum range of approximately 12,200 yards (11,200 m) with their 100-pound (45.4 kg) shells.[6] A dozen quick-firing (QF) 12-pounder 12 cwt guns were fitted for defence against torpedo boats. Two additional 12-pounder 8 cwt guns could be dismounted for service ashore.[7] The ships also carried three 3-pounder Hotchkiss guns and two submerged 17.7-inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes.[2]

The ship's waterline armour belt had a maximum thickness of 6 inches (152 mm) and was closed off by 5-inch (127 mm) transverse bulkheads. The armour of the gun turrets and their barbettes was 6 inches thick while the casemate armour was 5 inches thick. The protective deck armour ranged in thickness from 1–2.5 inches (25–64 mm) and the conning tower was protected by 12 inches (305 mm) of armour.[2]

Ships

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The following table gives the build details and purchase cost of the members of the Drake class. Standard British practice at that time was for these costs to exclude armament and stores. The compilers of The Naval Annual revised costs quoted for British ships between the 1905 and 1906 editions. The reasons for the differences are unclear.

Construction data
Ship Builder Date of Cost according to
Laid down Launch Completion (BNA 1905)[8] (BNA 1906)[9]
Drake HM Dockyard, Pembroke 24 Apr 1899 5 Mar 1901 13 Jan 1902 £1,050,625 £1,002,977
Good Hope
(ex-Africa)
Fairfield Shipping and Engineering, Govan 11 Sep 1899 21 Feb 1901 8 Nov 1902 £1,023,629 £990,759
King Alfred Vickers, Sons & Maxim, Barrow-in-Furness 11 Aug 1899 28 Oct 1901 22 Dec 1903 £1,013,772 £978,125
Leviathan John Brown, Clydebank 30 Nov 1899 3 Jul 1901 16 Jun 1903 £1,043,097 £1,012,959

Service history

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HMS Leviathan

The ships served in the First World War with only two surviving it. Good Hope was sunk at the Battle of Coronel in 1914 and Drake was torpedoed in 1917. Drake was also used to ferry Russian bullion (gold) in October 1914 from Arkhangelsk. The gold (equivalent of $39 million) was security for western loans. The transfer took place at high seas, 30 miles off the coast in the dead of night.[10]

Notes

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  1. ^ "Cwt" is the abbreviation for hundredweight, 12 cwt referring to the weight of the gun.

Footnotes

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  1. ^ Friedman 2012, pp. 243–52
  2. ^ a b c d Chesneau & Kolesnik, p. 69
  3. ^ a b c Friedman 2012, p. 336
  4. ^ Friedman 2011, pp. 71–72
  5. ^ Friedman 2012, pp. 243, 260–61
  6. ^ Friedman 2011, pp. 80–81
  7. ^ Friedman 2012, pp. 250, 336
  8. ^ Brassey's Naval Annual 1905, pp. 234–243
  9. ^ Brassey's Naval Annual 1906, pp. 208–215
  10. ^ Thon, Eivind (1942). Krig og penger. Oslo: Aschehoug & Co.

Bibliography

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